4 But why assembly programming?

Since compilers are so capable, why do we need to write programs in assembly language? Well, there are reasons, good reasons!

 4.1 Stuff that cannot be done in HLPL
  4.1.1 Cheap MCUs
  4.1.2 BIOS/bootstrap code
  4.1.3 (Ethical) Hacking
  4.1.4 Compilers
 4.2 Effective debugging