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wget or curl: both commands act as a command-line
``browser'' and downloads a file or files given an URL
(universal resource locator). They can be quite handy if you
want to download a file directly into a folder in an CLI.
ftp: the usual FTP (file transfer protocol) client
program. This is not recommended due to security issues.
scp: this is like a remote cp command. It is very
handy for transferring files from one machine to another.
sftp: secure FTP is based on the SSH protocol. Use this
instead of FTP whenever it is possible.
ping: this is useful to see if networking connection is
healthy or not. It is not really intended as a diagnostic tool,
but it is still very handy and useful.